2020, um problema de saúde em escala global: uma historiografia sobre a pandemia de CoViD-19 e aspectos relacionados à prática de atividade física
REF / JPE 2020; 89, 3
pdf
pdf (English)

Palavras-chave

exercício
pandemia
CoViD-19
determinantes sociais da saúde

Como Citar

Martins, L., & Soeiro, R. (2020). 2020, um problema de saúde em escala global: uma historiografia sobre a pandemia de CoViD-19 e aspectos relacionados à prática de atividade física. Revista De Educação Física / Journal of Physical Education, 89(3), 160–175. https://doi.org/10.37310/ref.v89i3.2703

Resumo

Introdução: No início de janeiro de 2020, surgiram notícias difusas a respeito de uma nova doença, que logo se transformou em pandemia.
Objetivo: Examinar o desenrolar histórico desse agravo à saúde e identificar possíveis efeitos sobre a prática de atividade física.
Métodos: Foi feita busca nos termos “CoViD-19 or SARS-Cov2 or coronavirus” “WHO” “2020” compuseram o estudo artigos científicos, recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e notícias de jornais.
Resultados e Discussão: Os primeiros meses do ano configuraram-se em um período de grande apreensão, face ao enfrentamento da nova, e potencialmente mortal, doença. Com o desenvolvimento do conhecimento clínico e experimental, os mecanismos da doença foram sendo desvendados e as formas de tratar/prevenir a CoViD-19 foram sendo estabelecidas. Recomendações da OMS quanto ao uso de máscaras de proteção durante a prática de atividade física foram identificadas.
Conclusão: As consequências da pandemia atingiram todos os setores da vida humana, afetando a produtividade. É provável que a prevalência de sedentarismo tenha aumentado em todas as partes do globo, porém, os impactos sobre a prática de atividade física, cujos benefícios à saúde são bem estabelecidos na literatura, ainda não foram examinados.

https://doi.org/10.37310/ref.v89i3.2703
pdf
pdf (English)

Referências

Khan N. New Virus Discovered by Chinese Scientists Investigating Pneumonia Outbreak. Wall Street Journal. [Online] 2020; Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-virus-discovered-by-chinese-scientists-investigating-pneumonia-outbreak-11578485668 [Accessed: 16th May 2020]

Medronho RA, Bloch KV, Luiz RR, Werneck GL. Epidemiologia.. 2a edição. São Paulo: Editora Atheneu; 2008.

CNN YX and NG. This Chinese doctor tried to save lives, but was silenced. Now he has coronavirus. [Online] CNN. Available from: https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/03/asia/coronavirus-doctor-whistle-blower-intl-hnk/index.html [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

WHO. Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (n-CoV) on 23 January 2020. [Online] World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov) [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

La Rosa G, Fratini M, Della Libera S, Iaconelli M, Muscillo M. Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact transmission. Annali dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita. [Online] 2013;49(2): 124–132. Available from: doi:10.4415/ANN_13_02_03

Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet. [Online] Elsevier; 2020;395(10223): 470–473. Available from: doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9

de Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. [Online] 2016;14(8): 523–534. Available from: doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81

Coronavirus Update (Live): 67,512,016 Cases and 1,543,921 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic - Worldometer. [Online] Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Tang S, Mao Y, Jones RM, Tan Q, Ji JS, Li N, et al. Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2? Evidence, prevention and control. Environment International. [Online] 2020;144: 106039. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106039

CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). [Online] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/scientific-brief-sars-cov-2.html [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Azuma K, Yanagi U, Kagi N, Kim H, Ogata M, Hayashi M. Environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for COVID-19 infection control. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. [Online] 2020;25(1): 66. Available from: doi:10.1186/s12199-020-00904-2

Wilson NM, Norton A, Young FP, Collins DW. Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. [Online] 2020;75(8): 1086–1095. Available from: doi:10.1111/anae.15093

Stadnytskyi V, Bax CE, Bax A, Anfinrud P. The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Online] National Academy of Sciences; 2020;117(22): 11875–11877. Available from: doi:10.1073/pnas.2006874117

Pomés A, Chapman MD, Wünschmann S. Indoor Allergens and Allergic Respiratory Disease. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. [Online] 2016;16(6): 43. Available from: doi:10.1007/s11882-016-0622-9

Wang J, Engvall K, Smedje G, Nilsson H, Norbäck D. Current wheeze, asthma, respiratory infections, and rhinitis among adults in relation to inspection data and indoor measurements in single-family houses in Sweden-The BETSI study. Indoor Air. [Online] 2017;27(4): 725–736. Available from: doi:10.1111/ina.12363

Folha de São Paulo. Governo federal decreta estado de emergência para conter coronavírus no Brasil. [Online] Folha de S.Paulo. Available from: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2020/02/governo-decreta-estado-de-emergencia-por-causa-de-surto-do-coronavirus.shtml [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Terra. Confira as fotos dos desfiles do grupo especial em SP. [Online] Terra.com.br. Available from: https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/carnaval/sao-paulo/confira-as-fotos-dos-desfiles-do-grupo-especial-em-sp,ad7ef53d77a5c2562c99fe91f920bc05rn1ojdmi.html [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

UOL. Resultado do Carnaval 2020 - Rio de Janeiro. [Online] UOL. Available from: https://setor1.band.uol.com.br/resultado-classificacao-carnaval-2020-rio/ [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Riou J, Althaus CL. Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020. Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin. [Online] 2020;25(4). Available from: doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.4.2000058

Bastos LFCS, https://www.facebook.com/pahowho. OPAS/OMS Brasil - Brasil confirma primeiro caso de infecção pelo novo coronavírus | OPAS/OMS. [Online] Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.paho.org/bra/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6113:brasil-confirma-primeiro-caso-de-infeccao-pelo-novo-coronavirus&Itemid=812 [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

WHO. A Joint Statement on Tourism and COVID-19 - UNWTO and WHO Call for Responsibility and Coordination. [Online] Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2020-a-joint-statement-on-tourism-and-covid-19---unwto-and-who-call-for-responsibility-and-coordination [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Sevestre J, et al. Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. [Online] 2020;34: 101663. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101663

Liu J, Cao R, Xu M, Wang X, Zhang H, Hu H, et al. Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discovery. [Online] Nature Publishing Group; 2020;6(1): 1–4. Available from: doi:10.1038/s41421-020-0156-0

WHO. WHO statement on cases of COVID-19 surpassing 100 000. [Online] Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/07-03-2020-who-statement-on-cases-of-covid-19-surpassing-100-000 [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Worldometers. Coronavirus Update (Live): 69,441,054 Cases and 1,579,397 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic - Worldometer. [Online] Worldometers - COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries [Accessed: 10th December 2020]

Adam D. Special report: The simulations driving the world’s response to COVID-19. Nature. [Online] Nature Publishing Group; 2020;580(7803): 316–318. Available from: doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01003-6

Oliveira PI. Agência Brasil explica: entenda o que é o lockdown. [Online] Agência Brasil. Available from: https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/geral/noticia/2020-05/agencia-brasil-explica-entenda-o-que-e-o-lockdown [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

O Globo. Fome ameaça matar mais do que a Covid-19 em 2020, indicam projeções. [Online] Economia. Available from: https://economia.ig.com.br/2020-08-31/fome-ameaca-matar-mais-do-que-a-covid-19-em-2020-indicam-projecoes.html [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Hare DL, Toukhsati SR, Johansson P, Jaarsma T. Depression and cardiovascular disease: a clinical review. European Heart Journal. [Online] 2014;35(21): 1365–1372. Available from: doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht462

Wang J, Lloyd-Evans B, Giacco D, Forsyth R, Nebo C, Mann F, et al. Social isolation in mental health: a conceptual and methodological review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. [Online] 2017;52(12): 1451–1461. Available from: doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1446-1

Kobayashi LC, Steptoe A. Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Health Behaviors at Older Ages: Longitudinal Cohort Study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. [Online] 2018;52(7): 582–593. Available from: doi:10.1093/abm/kax033

Schrempft S, Jackowska M, Hamer M, Steptoe A. Associations between social isolation, loneliness, and objective physical activity in older men and women. BMC public health. [Online] 2019;19(1): 74. Available from: doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6424-y

WHO. ICC-WHO Joint Statement: An unprecedented private sector call to action to tackle COVID-19. [Online] Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/16-03-2020-icc-who-joint-statement-an-unprecedented-private-sector-call-to-action-to-tackle-covid-19 [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

GOV.BR. Entra em vigor estado de calamidade pública no Brasil. [Online] Planalto. Available from: https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/acompanhe-o-planalto/noticias/2020/03/entra-em-vigor-estado-de-calamidade-publica-no-brasil [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

WHO. Joint Statement by QU Dongyu, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and Roberto Azevedo, Directors-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). [Online] Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/30-03-2020-joint-statement-by-qu-dongyu-tedros-adhanom-ghebreyesus-and-roberto-azevedo-directors-general-of-the-food-and-agriculture-organization-of-the-united-nations-(fao)-the-world-health-organization-(who)-and-the-world-trade-organization-(wto) [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

WHO. Statement of the Twenty-Fourth IHR Emergency Committee. [Online] Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/08-04-2020-statement-of-the-twenty-fourth-ihr-emergency-committee [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

WHO. Joint Leaders’ statement - Violence against children: A hidden crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. [Online] Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/08-04-2020-joint-leader-s-statement---violence-against-children-a-hidden-crisis-of-the-covid-19-pandemic [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

WHO. Public statement for collaboration on COVID-19 vaccine development. [Online] Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/13-04-2020-public-statement-for-collaboration-on-covid-19-vaccine-development [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

UOL. STF dá poder a estados para atuar contra covid-19 e impõe revés a Bolsonaro. [Online] Available from: https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2020/04/15/stf-tem-4-votos-a-favor-de-autonomia-de-governadores-durante-a-pandemia.htm [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

G1. Mandetta anuncia em rede social que foi demitido por Bolsonaro do Ministério da Saúde. [Online] G1. Available from: https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2020/04/16/mandetta-anuncia-em-rede-social-que-foi-demitido-do-ministerio-da-saude.ghtml [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. [Online] Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS), 2020 Mar [Accessed: 7th December 2020]. Available from: doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.20037135 [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Colson P, Rolain J-M, Lagier J-C, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. [Online] 2020;55(4): 105932. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105932

Heidary F, Gharebaghi R. Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen. The Journal of Antibiotics. [Online] Nature Publishing Group; 2020;73(9): 593–602. Available from: doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0336-z

Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, Alehagen U, Skalny A, Aaseth J. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. [Online] 2020;12(8). Available from: doi:10.3390/nu12082358

Freitas TIS, editor. Protocolo para atendimento da CoViD-19 na atenção primária e hospitalar. Editora da Universidade Federal do Piauí – EDUFPI. 2020; 41.

Jornal Aliança. Porto Feliz dá exemplo de como vencer o Covid-19 | Jornal Aliança. [Online] Jornal Aliança. Available from: https://jornalalianca.com.br/2020/05/29/porto-feliz-da-exemplo-de-como-vencer-o-covid-19/ [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

Brasil, Ministério da Saúde. Orientações do Ministério da Saúde para manuseio medicamentoso precoce de pacientes com diagnóstico da CoViD-19 - Nota informativa no. 17/2020 - SE/GAB/SE/MS. Ministério da Saúde; 2020.

IBGE. Porto Feliz (SP) | Cidades e Estados. [Online] Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/sp/porto-feliz.html [Accessed: 17th December 2020]

Rothman K, Greenland S, Lash T. Epidemiologia Moderna - 3a Edição. Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed Editora; 2016. 887 p.

GOV.BR. Serviços essenciais: decreto presidencial inclui mais atividades à lista do que não podem parar durante a pandemia. [Online] Casa Civil. Available from: https://www.gov.br/casacivil/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2020/maio/servicos-essenciais-decreto-presidencial-inclui-mais-atividades-a-lista-do-que-nao-podem-parar-durante-a-pandemia [Accessed: 7th December 2020]

O Globo. Coronavírus: ONU alerta que crise econômica pode matar centenas de milhares de crianças em 2020. [Online] O Globo. Available from: https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/coronavirus-onu-alerta-que-crise-economica-pode-matar-centenas-de-milhares-de-criancas-em-2020-1-24375960 [Accessed: 9th December 2020]

Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry. [Online] 2020;66(4): 317–320. Available from: doi:10.1177/0020764020915212

Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, et al. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Rivista Di Psichiatria. [Online] 2020;55(3): 137–144. Available from: doi:10.1708/3382.33569

Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. The New England Journal of Medicine. [Online] 2020;383(6): 510–512. Available from: doi:10.1056/NEJMp2008017

Shan Y, Wu W, Fan W, Haahtela T, Zhang G. House dust microbiome and human health risks. International Microbiology: The Official Journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology. [Online] 2019;22(3): 297–304. Available from: doi:10.1007/s10123-019-00057-5

Kechichian E, Ezzedine K. Vitamin D and the Skin: An Update for Dermatologists. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. [Online] 2018;19(2): 223–235. Available from: doi:10.1007/s40257-017-0323-8

Matsushima Y, Mizutani K, Yamaguchi Y, Yamanaka K. Vitamin D is no substitute for the sun. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. [Online] 2019;143(3): 929–931. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.004

Prietl B, Treiber G, Pieber TR, Amrein K. Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients. [Online] 2013;5(7): 2502–2521. Available from: doi:10.3390/nu5072502

FIOCRUZ-BA. É #FAKE que alto nível de vitamina D no organismo reduza a quase zero a chance de morte pela Covid-19 – Coronavírus. [Online] 2020. Available from: https://coronavirus.bahia.fiocruz.br/e-fake-que-alto-nivel-de-vitamina-d-no-organismo-reduza-a-quase-zero-a-chance-de-morte-pela-covid-19/ [Accessed: 9th December 2020]

Catraca Livre. Suplementação de vitamina D não protege contra coronavírus e pode trazer riscos. [Online] Catraca Livre. Available from: https://catracalivre.com.br/saude-bem-estar/suplementacao-de-vitamina-d-nao-protege-contra-coronavirus-e-pode-trazer-riscos/ [Accessed: 9th December 2020]

Prefeitura do Rio. Rio Contra o Corona. [Online] Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro; 2020. Available from: https://www.rio.rj.gov.br/documents/73801/fe29064a-99f7-45b4-8d8f-c1547f201729 [Accessed: 9th December 2020]

Hewison M. An update on vitamin D and human immunity. Clinical Endocrinology. [Online] 2012;76(3): 315–325. Available from: doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04261.x

Hernández JL, Nan D, Fernandez-Ayala M, García-Unzueta M, Hernández-Hernández MA, López-Hoyos M, et al. Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. [Online] 2020;(dgaa733). Available from: doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa733 [Accessed: 9th December 2020]

Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, et al. Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients. [Online] Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2020;12(4): 988. Available from: doi:10.3390/nu12040988

Kato TA, Sartorius N, Shinfuku N. Forced social isolation due to COVID‐19 and consequent mental health problems: Lessons from hikikomori. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. [Online] 2020; Available from: doi:10.1111/pcn.13112 [Accessed: 9th December 2020]

Mari J de J, Oquendo MA, Mari J de J, Oquendo MA. Mental health consequences of COVID-19: the next global pandemic. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. [Online] Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul; 2020;42(3): 219–220. Available from: doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2020-0081

Reiche EMV, Nunes SOV, Morimoto HK. Stress, depression, the immune system, and cancer. The Lancet. Oncology. [Online] 2004;5(10): 617–625. Available from: doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01597-9

Kaye J, Morton J, Bowcutt M, Maupin D. Stress, Depression, and Psychoneuroimmunology. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 2000;32(2): 93–100.

Delgado-Floody P, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Jerez-Mayorga D, Zulic-Agramunt C, Cofré-Lizama A. Depression is associated with lower levels of physical activity, body image dissatisfaction, and obesity in Chilean preadolescents. Psychology, Health & Medicine. [Online] Taylor & Francis; 2020;0(0): 1–14. Available from: doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1817958

Minaeva O, Booij SH, Lamers F, Antypa N, Schoevers RA, Wichers M, et al. Level and timing of physical activity during normal daily life in depressed and non-depressed individuals. Translational Psychiatry. [Online] Nature Publishing Group; 2020;10(1): 1–11. Available from: doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00952-w

Martins LCX, Lopes CS. Rank, job stress, psychological distress and physical activity among military personnel. BMC Public Health. [Online] 2013;13: 716. Available from: doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-716

WHO. Mask use in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance, 1 December 2020. Worl Health Organization. World Health Organization; 2020; 1–22.

Fikenzer S, Uhe T, Lavall D, Rudolph U, Falz R, Busse M, et al. Effects of surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. Clinical Research in Cardiology. [Online] 2020; 1–9. Available from: doi:10.1007/s00392-020-01704-y

Lee HP, Wang DY. Objective assessment of increase in breathing resistance of N95 respirators on human subjects. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. [Online] 2011;55(8): 917–921. Available from: doi:10.1093/annhyg/mer065

Editora Melhoramentos. Dicionário de Português Michaelis. 2020. Available from: https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/holismo/ [Accessed: 16th October 2020]

Person E, Lemercier C, Royer A, Reychler G. Effet du port d’un masque de soins lors d’un test de marche de six minutes chez des sujets sains. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires. [Online] 2018;35(3): 264–268. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.rmr.2017.01.010

Harber P, Santiago S, Bansal S, Liu Y, Yun D, Wu S. Respirator physiologic impact in persons with mild respiratory disease. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. [Online] 2010;52(2): 155–162. Available from: doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181ca0ec9

SBME. Informes e Notas da SBMEE sobre Coronavírus e Exercício Físico. [Online] Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte. 2020. Available from: http://www.medicinadoesporte.org.br/informes-da-sbmee-sobre-coronavirus-e-exercicio-fisico/ [Accessed: 17th December 2020]

Carlin A, Perchoux C, Puggina A, Aleksovska K, Buck C, Burns C, et al. A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behaviour: A ‘Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity’ (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review. PloS One. [Online] 2017;12(8): e0182083. Available from: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182083

Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports. 1985;100(2): 126–131.

Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. [Online] 1982;36(5): 936–942. Available from: doi:10.1093/ajcn/36.5.936

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. [Online] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2008. Available from: https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/paguide.pdf [Accessed: 9th December 2020]

De Mello MT, Lemos V de A, Antunes HKM, Bittencourt L, Santos-Silva R, Tufik S. Relationship between physical activity and depression and anxiety symptoms: A population study. Journal of Affective Disorders. [Online] 2013;149(1): 241–246. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.035

Peluso MAM, Andrade LHSG de. Physical activity and mental health: the association between exercise and mood. Clinics. [Online] 2005;60(1): 61–70. Available from: doi:10.1590/S1807-59322005000100012

Hamer M, Stamatakis E, Steptoe A. Dose-response relationship between physical activity and mental health: the Scottish Health Survey. British Journal of Sports Medicine. [Online] 2009;43(14): 1111–1114. Available from: doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.046243

Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Polenakovic M, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise and mental health. Maturitas. [Online] 2017;106: 48–56. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003

Salim S, Chugh G, Asghar M. Inflammation in anxiety. Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology. [Online] 2012;88: 1–25. Available from: doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-398314-5.00001-5

Dantzer R, O’Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. [Online] 2008;9(1): 46–56. Available from: doi:10.1038/nrn2297

Green DJ, Maiorana A, O’Driscoll G, Taylor R. Effect of exercise training on endothelium-derived nitric oxide function in humans. The Journal of Physiology. [Online] 2004;561(Pt 1): 1–25. Available from: doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.068197

Lavie CJ, Arena R, Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Sui X, Lee D, et al. Exercise and the Cardiovascular System: Clinical Science and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Circulation research. [Online] 2015;117(2): 207–219. Available from: doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.305205

Mortensen SP, Nyberg M, Gliemann L, Thaning P, Saltin B, Hellsten Y. Exercise training modulates functional sympatholysis and α-adrenergic vasoconstrictor responsiveness in hypertensive and normotensive individuals. The Journal of Physiology. [Online] 2014;592(Pt 14): 3063–3073. Available from: doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.273722

Rêgo ML, Cabral DA, Costa EC, Fontes EB. Physical Exercise for Individuals with Hypertension: It Is Time to Emphasize its Benefits on the Brain and Cognition. Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology. [Online] 2019;13. Available from: doi:10.1177/1179546819839411 [Accessed: 10th December 2020]

Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK, Roberts WO, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Radak Z, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Medicine and Health Science. [Online] 2020;2(2): 55–64. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2020.05.006

da Silveira MP, da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR, Starck É, Rossi RC, de Resende e Silva DT. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clinical and Experimental Medicine. [Online] 2020; Available from: doi:10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3 [Accessed: 10th December 2020]

Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
  1. Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
  2. Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
  3. Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.