Keywords
physical exercise
diabetes mellitus
blood glycose
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Adequate levels of physical fitness provide health benefits and promote the prevention, maintenance, and improvement of functional capacity, including in the diabetic population, avoiding the emergence, or worsening of diabetes complications.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of a four-month exercise training program on health-related physical fitness and blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic women.
Methods: Correlation study. Sample was non-probabilistic for convenience. Eight women with DM2 participated, with an average age of 62.8±10.2. The training program consisted of aerobic exercises (dance), flexibility and strength exercises. The intervention lasted four months and the physical fitness components (flexibility, strength, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness), which were assessed before and after the intervention; blood glucose monitoring was performed before and after each training session.
Results: The variables that presented statistically significant results were capillary blood glucose (Pre-intervention = 157.2 ± 29.2 mg/dL vs Post-intervention = 117.1 ± 19.5 mg/dL; p = 0.01) and strength of right upper limb (Pre-intervention =18.2±4.0 kgf vs Post-intervention =18.7±4.1 kgf; p=0.03). There was a significant correlation between hip flexibility (HF) and capillary blood glucose (r=-0.90; p=0.001).
Conclusion: The correlation of HF with capillary blood glucose indicates that glycemic control may have attenuated the glycation process, which positively interfered with flexibility levels.
References
Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes (SBD). Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes - 2017/2018. São Paulo, Brasil: Editora Clannad; 2017-2018. Available: https://diabetes.org.br/e-book/diretrizes-da-sociedade-brasileira-de-diabetes-2017-2018/ [Accessed 29th December 2021].
Zeitler P, Arslanian S, Fu J, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Reinehr T, Tandon N, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth. Pediatric Diabetes. 2018;19: 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12719.
Vancea DMM, Vancea JN, Pires MIF, Reis MA, Moura RB, Dib SA. Efeito da freqüência do exercício físico no controle glicêmico e composição corporal de diabéticos tipo 2. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. 2009;92(1): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2009000100005.
Pan B, Ge L, Xun Y, Chen Y, Gao C, Han X, et al. Exercise training modalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2018;15(1): 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0703-3.
Riebe D. Diretrizes do ACSM para os Testes de Esforço e sua Prescrição. 9a edição. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2014.
García-Hermoso A, Cavero-Redondo I, Ramírez-Vélez R, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Lee D-C, et al. Muscular Strength as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in an Apparently Healthy Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Data From Approximately 2 Million Men and Women. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2018;99(10): 2100-2113.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.01.008.
Oliveira A, Nossa P, Mota-Pinto A. Assessing Functional Capacity and Factors Determining Functional Decline in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study. Acta Médica Portuguesa. 2019;32(10): 654. https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.11974.
Northey JM, Cherbuin N, Pumpa KL, Smee DJ, Rattray B. Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018;52(3): 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096587.
Canoy D. Coronary Heart Disease and Body Fat Distribution. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 2010;12(2): 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-010-0092-9.
Gianoudis J, Bailey CA, Daly RM. Associations between sedentary behaviour and body composition, muscle function and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Osteoporosis International. 2015;26(2): 571–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2895-y.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Vigitel Brasil 2014 Saúde Suplementar : vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. 2015; 165 p.11.
Souza FPL de, Cruz PW da S, Neta JSMF, Tavares MC de A, França JAL, Vancea DMM. Efeito da intervenção de diferentes métodos de treinamento sobre a glicemia pós-prandial de diabéticos tipo 2. ConScientiae Saúde. 2013;12(2): 227–233. https://doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v12n2.4053.
Neta JSMF, Tavares MC de A, Cruz PW da S, Lucena JDL, Souza FPL, Vancea DMM. Impacto da prática regular de exercício físico na qualidade de vida de diabéticos tipo 2. ConScientiae Saúde. 2013;12(4): 631–637. https://doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v12n4.4495.
Lima G do N, Queiroz SL, Cruz PW da S, Santos HLBA dos, Cavalcanti CB dos S, Vancea DMM. Efeitos dos treinamentos aeróbio, resistido e combinado sobre a composição corporal de diabéticos tipo 2. ConScientiae Saúde. 2012;11(4): 543–549. https://doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v11n4.3197.
Hortensius J, Slingerland RJ, Kleefstra N, Logtenberg SJJ, Groenier KH, Houweling ST, et al. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: The Use of the First or the Second Drop of Blood. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(3): 556–560. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1694.
Fess EE. Gripstrength. In: Casanova JS, editor. Clinical assessment recommendations. 2ª ed. Chicago: American Society of Hand Therapists. 1992: 41–45. Available: https://asht.org/practice/clinical-assessment-recommendations [Accessed 29th December 2021].
Araujo CGSD. Flexitest:An Innovative Flexibility Assessment Method. 1st edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2003.
Arcânjo GN, Neto PSP, Nobre MMA, Oliveira AAR, Alencar DL, Gadelha MA. Indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em mulheres diabéticas tipo 2. Motricidade. 2018;14(1):362-367. Available: https://www.proquest.com/openview/2388d9c95a6400855e1e00a4c7e4c0a7/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=616555;Indicadores [Accessed 5th January 2022].
Kline GM, Porcari JP, Hintermeister R, Freedson PS, Ward A, McCarron RF, et al. Estimation of VO2máx from a one-mile track walk, gender, age, and body weight. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1987;19(3): 253–259.
Cooper KH. O programa aeróbico para o bem-estar total: exercícios, dietas, equilíbrio emocional. Rio de Janeiro: Editorial Nórdica; 1982.
Ribeiro JNS, Lima AMB, França JAL, Silva VNS, Cavalcanti CBS, Vancea DMM. Doce Vida – programa de exercício físico supervisionado para diabéticos. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. 2017; S1888754616301344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2016.11.015.
Hinkle DE, Wiersma W, Jurs SG. Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 5a edição. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2002.
Fleck SJ, Kraemer WJ, Ribeiro JL, Garcez RM, Pinto RS, Pinto MD. Fundamentos do Treinamento de Força Muscular. 4a ed. Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed; 2017.
Mårdberg E, Hasselgren M. Effect of Resistance Training in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. [Dissertation] [Örebro]: School of Medicine, Örebro University; 2014.
Vivolo SRGF, Silva IT. In: Lyra R, Cavalcanti N, Dias SR. Diabetes Mellitus: Uma Abordagem Cardiovascular. São Paulo, SP: Editora Clannad; 2019.
Solomen S, Shakya R, Agarwal K, Aaron P, Pradeep S. Passive stretching versus active stretching on immediate blood glucose in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus - A pilot study. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health. 2015;2(1): 146–149.
Sigal RJ, Armstrong MJ, Colby P, Kenny GP, Plotnikoff RC, Reichert SM, et al. Physical Activity and Diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 2013;37: S40–S44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.018.
Mendes GF, Rodrigues GBA, Nogueira JAD, Meiners MMMA, Lins TC de L, Dullius J. Evidências sobre efeitos da atividade física no controle glicêmico: importância da adesão a programas de atenção em diabetes. Revista Brasileira de Atividade física e Saúde. 2013;18(4): 412–423.
Cintra. Obesidade E Diabetes - Fisiopatologia E Sinalização Celular, 9788573782097 - Sarvier. São Paulo, SP: Sarvier; 2011. https://www.sarvier.com.br/livro-obesidade-e-diabetes-fisiopatologia-e-sinalizacao-celular-9788573782097,ci2298.html [Accessed 5th January 2022].
D’Angelo FA, Leatte EP, Defani MA. O Exercício Físico como Coadjuvante no Tratamento do Diabetes. Saúde e Pesquisa. 2015;8(1): 157–166. https://doi.org/10.17765/1983-1870.2015v8n1p157-166.
Wang T, Liu Y, Zhong R, Xu D, Wang H, Fu B. Benefit effects of aerobic exercise and resistance training on the management of type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Clinical Experimental Medicine. 2018;11: 10433–10445.
Stratton IM. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. British Medical Journal. 2000;321(7258): 405–412. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405.
Codella R, Ialacqua M, Terruzzi I, Luzi L. May the force be with you: why resistance training is essential for subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications. Endocrine. 2018;62(1): 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1603-7.
Fatone C, Guescini M, Balducci S, Battistoni S, Settequattrini A, Pippi R, et al. Two weekly sessions of combined aerobic and resistance exercise are sufficient to provide beneficial effects in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2010;33(7): 489–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03346630.
Abate M, Schiavone C, Pelotti P, Salini V. Limited Joint Mobility in Diabetes and Ageing: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Therapy. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2010;23(4): 997–1003. https://doi.org/10.1177/039463201002300404.
Marques AR, Brito I. Espectro clínico das manifestações musculoesqueléticas da diabetes mellitus. Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. 2016;11(2): 307–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpedm.2016.02.011.
Lebiedz-Odrobina D, Kay J. Rheumatic Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 2010;36(4): 681–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2010.09.008.
Hani Zreik N, Malik RA, Charalambous CC. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and diabetes: a meta-analysis of prevalence. Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal. 2019;06(01): 26. https://doi.org/10.32098/mltj.01.2016.04.
Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11): 2065–2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.