Abstract
Introduction: Social isolation had an influence on the levels of obesity and sedentary lifestyle in children and adolescents.
Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status, level of physical activity and frequency of eating (according to categories), in addition to estimating the correlation between the level of physical activity and the nutritional status of schoolchildren of both sexes between 10 and 14 years of age, during the CoViD-19 pandemic.
Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. A total of 50 schoolchildren, aged between 10 and 14 years, from the city of Claudio-MG participated in the study. The following questionnaires were assessed using questionnaires: level of physical activity (IPAQ), food frequency (FFQ for adolescents), self-reported weight and height, and sociodemographic aspects. Descriptive statistics were presented.
Results: The prevalence of obesity was 25%, overweight was 29%, normal weight was 42% and malnutrition was 4%. According to sex, including obesity and overweight, the prevalence was 71% in boys and 47% in girls. Regarding the level of physical activity, 40% were irregularly active and 2% were sedentary. Regarding food frequency, there was a higher consumption of cereals and biscuits compared to vegetables.
Conclusion: It was noted that most children and adolescents did not have adequate nutrient intake, which can lead to metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. In addition to the high prevalence of children and adolescents classified as overweight and obese, the prevalence of irregularly active and sedentary children was also high.
References
Uranga RM, Keller JN. The Complex Interactions Between Obesity, Metabolism and the Brain. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2019;13: 513. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00513.
Kahn CR, Wang G, Lee KY. Altered adipose tissue and adipocyte function in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2019;129(10): 3990–4000. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI129187.
Lee, Park, Oh, Lee, Kim, Bae. The Role of Adipose Tissue Mitochondria: Regulation of Mitochondrial Function for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(19): 4924. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194924.
Ministério da Saúde. Painel de Indicadores – PNS. Pesquisa Nacional em Saúde (PNS). https://www.pns.icict.fiocruz.br/painel-de-indicadores-mobile-desktop/ [Accessed 14th March 2024].
Brum MM de. O excesso de peso na infância e adolescência e o risco para diabetes tipo II : uma revisão de produção científica presente na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, 2016-2021. [Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Especialização.] [Porto Alegre, RS]: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2021. https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/231956 [Accessed 14th March 2024].
World Obesity Federation. World Obesity Atlas 2023. World Obesity Federation. https://www.worldobesity.org/resources/resource-library/world-obesity-atlas-2023 [Accessed 14th March 2024].
Andrade MC de. Análise do equilíbrio postural e estabilidade de crianças e adolescentes obesos após protocolo de treinamento funcional de alta intensidade: estudo piloto. [Tese de Doutorado] Universidade Nove de Julho; 2022. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/3111 [Accessed 14th March 2024].
Brasil. Caderno Temático do Programa Saúde na Escola: alimentação saudável e prevenção da obesidade. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2022.
Kleiner A, Neves PMJ, Urquieta AS, Torcato AC, Francisca A. Importância do tratamento e prevenção da obesidade infantil. Educação Física em Revista. 2010;4(2). https://portalrevistas.ucb.br/index.php/efr/article/view/1582
Nicodemo M, Spreghini MR, Manco M, Wietrzykowska Sforza R, Morino G. Childhood Obesity and COVID-19 Lockdown: Remarks on Eating Habits of Patients Enrolled in a Food-Education Program. Nutrients. 2021;13(2): 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020383.
World Health Organization. Growth reference 5-19 years - BMI-for-age (5-19 years). https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years/indicators/bmi-for-age [Accessed 14th March 2024].
Villar BS. Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário semi-quantitativo de frequência alimentar para adolescentes. [Tese de Doutorado] [São Paulo]: Universidade de São Paulo; 2001. https://doi.org/10.11606/T.6.2016.tde-21072016-103625. [Accessed 14th March 2024].
Brevidelli MM, Coutinho RMC, Costa LFV, Costa LC. Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso e obesidade entre adolescentes de uma escola pública. Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde. 2015;28(3): 379–386. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2015.p379.
Ferrari GLDM, Matsudo V, Katzmarzyk PT, Fisberg M. Prevalence and factors associated with body mass index in children aged 9–11 years. Jornal de Pediatria. 2017;93(6): 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.12.007.
Bertuol CD, Navarro AC. Consumo Alimentar e prevalência de obesidade/emagrecimento em pré-escolares de uma escola infantil pública. RBONE - Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento. 2015;9(52): 127–134.
Cabrera TFC, Correia IFL, Santos DOD, Pacagnelli FL, Prado MTA, Silva TDD, et al. Análise da prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade e do nível de atividade física em crianças e adolescentes de uma cidade do sudoeste de São Paulo. Journal of Human Growth and Development. 2014;24(1): 67. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.73455.
Piola TS, Bacil EDA, Pacífico AB, Camargo EMD, Campos WD. Nível insuficiente de atividade física e elevado tempo de tela em adolescentes: impacto de fatores associados. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2020;25(7): 2803–2812. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020257.24852018.
Kim H, Hu EA, Rebholz CM. Ultra-processed food intake and mortality in the USA: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994). Public Health Nutrition. 2019;22(10): 1777–1785. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018003890.
Lee PH, Wong FKY. The Association Between Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine. 2015;45(6): 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0322-y.
Ekelund U, Tarp J, Steene-Johannessen J, Hansen BH, Jefferis B, Fagerland MW, et al. Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019; l4570. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4570.
Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, De Sá TH, Smith AD, Sharp SJ, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2018;33(9): 811–829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-018-0380-1.
Bracco MM. Estudo da atividade física, gasto energético e ingestão calórica em crianças de escola pública na cidade de São Paulo. [Dissertação de Mestrado] [Campinas]: UN}ICAMP; 2001.
Smouter L, Smolarek ADC, Mascarenhas LPG, Souza Junior TPD. Consumo alimentar de adolescentes de diferentes níveis de atividade física. Saúde e meio ambiente: revista interdisciplinar. 2017;6(1): 28. https://doi.org/10.24302/sma.v6i1.1309.
Vandoni M, Codella R, Pippi R, Carnevale Pellino V, Lovecchio N, Marin L, et al. Combatting Sedentary Behaviors by Delivering Remote Physical Exercise in Children and Adolescents with Obesity in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021;13(12): 4459. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124459.
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Physical Education