Physiological Adaptations in Response to Physical Training in High-Performance Athletes in Endurance Modalities
REF / JPE 2023; 92, 3
pdf (Português (Brasil))

Keywords

physical training
resistence exercise
skeletal muscles
cell signalling

How to Cite

Sena, M. A. de B. (2024). Physiological Adaptations in Response to Physical Training in High-Performance Athletes in Endurance Modalities. Journal of Physical Education, 92(3), 399–407. https://doi.org/10.37310/ref.v92i3.2962

Abstract

Introduction: In the context of high-performance sports, in the most diverse modalities, it is essential to understand the cellular adaptations that occur during the physical preparation of athletes. The phenomenon requires the integration of multiple factors, such as, physiological, biochemical, biomechanical, and psychological.

Objective: The aim of this study was to comment on the physiological adaptations in response to physical training in high-performance athletes in endurance modalities  under environmental stress conditions.

Conclusion: Scientific evidence points to the relevance of physical preparation in high-performance athletes in view of the physiological adaptations obtained to favor the athlete's performance in stress scenarios, with the benefits of preserving health and improving physical performance.

https://doi.org/10.37310/ref.v92i3.2962
pdf (Português (Brasil))

References

Spaulding HR, Yan Z. AMPK and the Adaptation to Exercise Hannah. Annual Review of Physiology. 2022;10(84): 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-060721-095517.

Batrakoulis A, Loules G, Georgakouli K, Tsimeas P, Draganidis D, Chatzinikolaou A, et al. High-intensity interval neuromuscular training promotes exercise behavioral regulation, adherence and weight loss in inactive obese women. European Journal of Sport Science. 2020;20(6): 783–792. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1663270.

Wawley JA, Lundby C, Cotter JD, Burke LM. Maximizing Cellular Adaptation to Endurance Exercise in Skeletal Muscle.pdf. Cell Metabolism. 2018;27: 962–976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.014.

Ericsson KA, Nandagopal K, Roring RW. Toward a science of exceptional achievement: attaining superior performance through deliberate practice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009;1172: 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1393.001.

Tucker R, Collins M. Tuker what makes champions. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012;46: 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090548.

Massengale JD, Swanson RA, [eds.]. The History of Exercise and Sport Science. 1st edition. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics; 1996.

Liu Y, Liu SX, Sum RKW, Duncan MJ, Gu YD, Li MH. Associations between levels of physical literacy and adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines among university students: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness. 2024;22(3): 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.006.

Donahue MZ. Runner comes excruciatingly close to breaking two-hour marathon banner. National Geographic. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/05/extreme-running-marathon-nike-science/.

MacInnis MJ, Gibala MJ. Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. Journal of Physiology. 2017;595(9): 2915–2930. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP273196.

Gibala MJ, Hawley JA. Sprinting Toward Fitness. Cell Metab. 2017;25: 988–990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.030.

Camera DM, Smiles WJ, Hawley JA. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle signaling pathways and human athletic performance. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2016;98: 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.007.

Lundby C, Robach P. Perfomance Enhancement What Are the Physiologial Limits. Physiology (Bethesda). 2015;30: 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00052.2014 Performance.

Hawley JA, Stepto NK. Adaptations to Training in Endurance Cyclists. Sports Medicine. 2001;31: 511–520. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131070-00006.

Egan B, Sharples AP. Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training. Physiological Reviews. 2023;103(3): 2057–2170. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00054.2021.

O’Donoghue G, Blake C, Cunningham C, Lennon O, Perrotta C. What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2021;22(2): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13137.

Joyner MJ, Coyle EF. Endurance exercise performance: The physiology of champions. Journal of Physiology. 2008;586(1): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834.

Hawley JA. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to prolonged, intense endurance traininge. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2002;29: 218–222. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03623.x.

Burtscher M, Nachbauer W, Wilber R. The upper limit of aerobic power in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;111: 2625–2628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1885-4.

Hawley JA. Nutritional Strategies to modulate the adaptivie response to endurance training. Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series. 2013;75: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345813.

Rothschild JA, Kilding AE, Plews DJ. What should i eat before exercise? Pre-exercise nutrition and the response to endurance exercise: Current prospective and future directions. Nutrients. 2020;12(11): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113473.

Hawley JA, Burke LM, Phillips SM, Spriet LL. Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;110: 834–845. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00949.2010.

Hawley JA, Morton JP. Ramping up the signal: promoting endurance training adaptation in skeletal muscle by nutritional manipulation. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2014;41: 608–613. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12246.

Newman JC, Verdin E. β-Hydroxybutyrate_ A Signaling Metabolite. Annual Review of Nutrition. 2017;37: 51–76. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064916.

Hulston CJ, Venables MC, Mann CH, Martin C, Philp A, Baar K. Training with low muscle glycolgen enhances fat metabolism in well-trained cyclsits. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2010;42: 2046–2055. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181dd5070.

Liang H, Ward WF. PGC-1α: A key regulator of energy metabolism. American Journal of Physiology - Advances in Physiology Education. 2006;30(4): 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00052.2006.

Solli GS, Tønnessen E, Sandbakk Ø. The Training Characteristics of the World’s Most Successful Female Cross-Country Skier. Frontiers in Physiology. 2017;8: 1069. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.01069.

Montero D, Cathomen A, Jacobs RA, Flück D, de Leur J, Keiser S, et al. Haematological rather than skeletal muscle adaptations contribute to the increase in peak oxygen uptake induced by moderate endurance training. Journal of Physiology. 2015;593(20): 4677–4688. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP270250.

Siebenmann C, Cathomen A, Hug M, Keiser S, Lundby AK, Hilty MP, et al. Hemoglobin mass and intravascular volume kinetics during and after exposure to 3,454-m altitude. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2015;119(10): 1194–1201. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01121.2014.

Song J, Sundar K, Gangaraju R, Prchal JT. Regulation of erythropoiesis after normoxic return from chronic sustained and intermittent hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2017;123(6): 1671–1675. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00119.2017.

Prommer N, Thoma S, Quecke L, Gutekunst T, Völzke C, Wachsmuth N, et al. Total hemoglobin mass and blood volume of Elite Kenyan runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2010;42(4): 791–797. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181badd67.

Minson CT, Cotter JD. CrossTalk proposal: Heat acclimatization does improve performance in a cool condition. Journal of Physiology. 2016;594(2): 241–243. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP270879.

Breydo L, Redington JM, Uversky VN. Chapter Four - Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Aggregation of Physiologically Important Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. In: Sandal M (ed.) International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. Academic Press; 2017. p. 145–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.011. [Accessed 14th May 2024].

Barbosa EB, Vidotto A, Polachini GM, Henrique T, Marqui ABT de, Tajara EH. Proteômica: metodologias e aplicações no estudo de doenças humanas. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2012;58: 366–375. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302012000300019.

Valledor L, Jorrín J. Back to the basics: Maximizing the information obtained by quantitative two dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses by an appropriate experimental design and statistical analyses. Journal of Proteomics. 2011;74(1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2010.07.007.

Yun CW, Kim HJ, Lim JH, Lee SH. Heat Shock Proteins : Agents of Cancer Development and Therapeutic Targets in Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cells. 2020;594(2): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9010060.

Liu Y, Mayr S, Opitz-Gress A, Zeller C, Lormes W, Baur S, et al. Human skeletal muscle HSP70 response to training in highly trained rowers. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1999;86(1): 101–104. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.101.

Fujii N, Zhang SY, McNeely BD, Nishiyasu T, Kenny GP. Heat shock protein 90 contributes to cutaneous vasodilation through activating nitric oxide synthase in young male adults exercising in the heat. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2017;123(4): 844–850. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00446.2017.

Souza-Silva AA, Moreira E, Melo-Marins D de, Sch€oler CM, Jr PIH de B, Laitano O. High intensity interval training in the heat enhances exercise-induced lipid peroxidation but prevents protein oxidation in physically active men. Temperature (Austin). 2016;3(1): 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2015.1132101.]

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Physical Education